Functional study on galactose-specific lectin 3 from tumor-associated macrophage based on single-cell sequencing / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] 目的：从肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）在化疗前后的表型变化入手，寻找通过调控肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME）从而影响肿瘤治疗效果和预后的功能分子。方法：利用欧洲核苷酸数据库（ENA）的PRJEB45598数据集，分析进展期胃癌患者化疗前后活检肿瘤组织单细胞测序数据，采用主成分分析（PCA）和一致流形近似与投影（UMAP）降维，获得31个亚群细胞，并进一步进行TAM亚型分析、差异基因筛选，寻找化疗后M2型TAM中高表达的基因。通过黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞皮下移植瘤模型验证化疗前后特定基因mRNA和蛋白水平表达变化，并通过Incucyte体外分析该蛋白是否调控化疗药物诱导的肿瘤细胞死亡。结果：聚焦单细胞测序数据中M2型TAM的特征表达基因，发现半乳糖凝集素3（LGALS3）在胃癌化疗后mRNA水平显著升高（P<0.01），在多种肿瘤中LGALS3高表达且与患者生存期呈负相关（P<0.05或P<0.01）。黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞移植瘤模型中，LGALS3在M2型TAM中高表达（P<0.01），且奥沙利铂化疗后表达进一步升高（P<0.05）。体外对肿瘤细胞给予重组LGALS3蛋白可抑制化疗药物奥沙利铂诱导的肿瘤细胞死亡（P<0.01）。结论：奥沙利铂化疗后的M2型TAM通过合成和分泌LGALS3促进黑色素瘤细胞的化疗抵抗，因此通过免疫治疗的方法靶向LGALS3分子可能有效提高肿瘤的治疗效果。

Genome editing in cancer biotherapy: strategies, challenges and future directions / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘 要] CRISPR等基因编辑技术在多学科、多领域产生了革命性影响，也极大地推动了肿瘤生物治疗研究方法的转变和治疗新策略的形成。在肿瘤研究中，基因编辑加速了肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞中生物治疗新靶点的发现，推动了癌基因、抑癌基因、表观分子、耐药基因等“肿瘤细胞正常化”靶向编辑新策略的提出，促进了CAR-T、TCR-T细胞等过继细胞治疗方法向“通用型”、“即用型”的迭代，也极大地加速了CAR-T细胞等细胞治疗的临床应用。通过更加精准基因编辑系统的研发、基因递送策略的不断进步，以及多靶点编辑、定点插入和体内时空可控编辑的发展，将进一步降低基因编辑的脱靶效应，提高疗效和安全性，同时控制成本，推动基因编辑在肿瘤生物治疗中更加广泛的应用，且有望在实体瘤治疗方面实现新的突破。

Analysis of titer stability and inactivation kinetics of harvest solution of SARS-CoV-2 / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To investigate the titer stability of the harvest solution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2(SARS-CoV-2)at 2 ～ 8 ℃ and the inactivation effect of β-propiolactone inactivator on the virus.Methods Three batches of SARS-CoV-2 harvest solution(batch numbers:202111001,202111002 and 202111003)were stored at 2 ～ 8 ℃ for 12 d and sampled every 3 d(0,3,6,9 and 12 d)for detection of the titers by Karber method;Three batches of virus harvest solution equilibrated overnight at 2 ～ 8 ℃ were inactivated by adding β-propiolactone at a volume fraction of 1∶4 000 and detected for the titers at different inactivation time points(0,0.5,1,1.5,2,3,4,8,16 and 24 h),of which samples inactivated for 8,16 and 24 h were taken for inactivation verification,and samples inactivated for 24 h were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results The titers of SARS-CoV-2 decreased with the prolongation of storage time at 2 ～8 ℃,which showed no obvious decrease during 0 ～ 3 d,while decreased from the initial 7.75,6 and 7.5 lgCCID_(50)/mL to5.75,4.625 and 6.25 lgCCID_(50)/mL on day 12,indicating that the virus activity showed a gradual decrease trend at 2 ～8 ℃；With the inactivation time,the virus titer decreased continuously and could not be detected after inactivation for 3 h.Transmission electron microscope observation showed that the inactivated virus particles were intact and the spike protein was evenly distributed.Conclusion The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 stored at 2 ～ 8 ℃ was unstable,so the subsequent inactivation and purification process should be carried out as soon as possible;The titer of virus could not be detected after3 h of inactivation,which provided a reference for the determination of the inactivation process.

Application of Optical Genome Mapping Technology in Detecting Complex Chromosomal Rearrangement / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of optical genome mapping （OGM） technology in detecting complex chromosomal rearrangement. MethodsWe recruited five patients who were diagnosed as complex chromosomal rearrangement at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2022 to June 2023. They underwent OGM， nanopore sequencing and pre-implantation genetic testing （PGT）. The results were compared with the results of karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis （CMA）/ copy number variation sequencing （CNV-Seq）. ResultsOGM could detect translocation， invert inversion， and triplet translocation， which were consistent with the results of OGM and CMA/ CNV-Seq. But OGM could not detect Robertsonian translocation. ConclusionBecause of its ultra-long reads， OGM realizes the detection across repetitive regions， and it has great advantages when applied in patients with complex chromosome rearrangement or uncertain karyotype analysis. It can accurately locate breakpoints.

Clinical efficacy of intra-articular injection with Triamcinolone acetonide in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of intra-articular injection with Triamcinolone acetonide on the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods:The clinical data of 26 children diagnosed with JIA undergoing the intra-articular injection of Triamcinolone acetonide for the joints with obvious swelling and pain at the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from October 2018 to December 2019 who were retrospectively analyzed.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP) were tested before and after the application of Triamcinolone acetonide.Detailed clinical manifestations were recorded.The nonparametric Kruskal- Wallis test was used to compare the differences in clinical evaluation indicators and changes in laboratory tests at diffe-rent treatment times. Results:Among the 26 children, 8 were boys and 18 were girls.After the intra-articular injection of Triamcinolone acetonide, 9 cases (34.62%) achieved complete remission, 15 cases(57.69%) achieved partial remission, and 2 cases (7.69%) were not responsive to the intra-articular injection.The overall therapeutic efficacy was 92.31%.Compared with pre-treatment period, from 4 weeks after treatment, assessment of disease activity by the physicians and parents of the children was significantly improved after 4-week treatment, and the number of active joints, ESR and CRP and the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score with 27 joints (JADAS 27) gradually decreased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). No adverse drug reactions were seen during the treatment and follow-up period. Conclusions:Intra-articular injection of Triamcinolone acetonide is effective in contro-lling joint symptoms of JIA with less adverse events.

Epigenetic regulation of polarization and functional reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages：a novel strategy of cancer therapy / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAM）在肿瘤发展、转移和治疗抵抗中扮演了关键角色。TAM包含两种可相互极化的类型：促炎、抑制肿瘤生长的M1型和抑炎、促进肿瘤进展的M2型。表观遗传机制在肿瘤微环境对TAM的功能塑造中的作用十分独特，主要介导极化相关信号通路、细胞因子、代谢酶、关键转录因子和MHC及其调控因子等功能基因的转录或转录后调控，从而决定TAM的极化状态和功能。因此，从表观调控入手抑制M2极化、促进M1极化，进而引起TAM功能重塑，已逐渐成为肿瘤治疗的一个新兴策略。通过鉴定TAM特异性及关键表观调节机制、开发靶向TAM的新型表观药物递送系统、有效联合其他抗肿瘤疗法等方式，可进一步提高基于表观遗传调控的靶向巨噬细胞治疗的特异性，降低不良反应，实现更理想的抗肿瘤效果。

In vitro skin retention and drug permeation study of Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster by UPLC/UV/MS/MS

Abstract Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster (TQRP), a typical Chinese patent medicine that contains 13 different herbal remedies, is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of cervical spondylosis and osteoarthritis. However, due to a lack of in vitro transdermal studies, the active ingredients of TQRP have not been fully elucidated. This presents a huge obstacle for quality evaluation, pharmacokinetic studies and clinical safety assessment of TQRP. In this work, a UPLC/UV/MS/MS method was established and validated to evaluate five analytes in TQRP. The validation demonstrated linearity (r > 0.99), specificity (no co-eluting peaks at the retention times of the analytes), and precision (RSD < 15%) within acceptable parameters. A skin permeation study was performed to determine the concentrations of drugs delivered to the dermis. The 24-hour cumulative permeation of ferulic acid, aleo-emodin, emodin and piperine were 303.68, 709.31, 671.06 and 25561.01 ng/cm2, respectively. According to the fitting data of the TQRP active components, skin permeation was mainly due to a combination of passive diffusion and drug release after matrix erosion

Effectiveness of azithromycin mass drug administration on trachoma: a systematic review / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUNDS@#Azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) is a key part of the strategy for controlling trachoma. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively summarize the present studies of azithromycin MDA on trachoma; provide an overview of the impact of azithromycin MDA on trachoma in different districts; and explore the possible methods to enhance the effectiveness of azithromycin MDA in hyperendemic districts.@*METHODS@#PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to February 2021 with no language restriction. Studies reporting the effect of azithromycin MDA on trachoma were included. Mathematical modeling studies, animal studies, case reports, and reviews were excluded. The trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) 30.0%), especially with baseline TF >50.0%, annual MDA was unable to achieve the TF 10.0% is not appropriate for all eligible districts.

Medium / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The rapid growth of health expenditure has always been the focus of health policy. This study aims to project health expenditure in Shanghai and to carry out policy simulations on the impact of chronic disease prevention programs on health costs in the Healthy Shanghai Initiative.@*METHODS@#Based on the Shanghai health accounts, component-based model was used to project Shanghai total health expenditure of 2020-2035, and the policy stimulation was implemented.@*RESULTS@#In 2020-2035, Shanghai's health expenditure is expected to grow continually, the proportion of total health expenditure in GDP will exceed 8.00% in 2023, reach 9.00% in 2025, and 10.03% in 2035. The proportion of current health expenditure in GDP will exceed 8.00% in 2024 and reach 9.55% in 2035. The chronic disease prevention plan help saving the medical expenditure of respiratory diseases,endocrine system diseases, and circulatory system diseases, accounting 3.28% to 10.58% of total health expenditure.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The sustainability of health financing in Shanghai is facing challenges under the new normal of economy. It is necessary to promote the prevention and control of chronic diseases and strengthen cost control from both the supply and demand sides.

Efficacy and Safety of Different Dosages of Decitabine in the Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy of high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients treated by different doses of decitabine (DAC) and its safety.@*METHODS@#Thirty patients with high-risk MDS were all treated by demethylation drug DAC. According to the doses of DAC, 30 patients were divided into 10-day regimen [6 mg/(m@*RESULTS@#The patients were followed up to May 2020, in the 10-day regimen group, 10 cases achieved complete remission (CR), 3 cases achieved partial remission (PR), and 2 cases were progressive disease (PD). Four cases died, including 1 case for heart failure, 2 cases for respiratory failure and 1 case for serious infection. In the 5-day regimen group, 11 cases achieved CR, 1 case achieved PR, 3 cases were PD. Five cases died, including 2 cases for heart failure and 3 for serious infection. The CR rate and ORR of the patients in the two groups were 66.67% vs 73.33%, 86.67% vs 80.00%, respectively, which showed no significant differences, and the efficacy also showed no significant difference. After treatment, the levels of WBC, NE, Hb and PLT of the patients in 10-day regimen group were higher than those in 5-day regimen. In the 10-day regimen group, there were 11 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of bacteremia, 1 case of skin infection and 1 case of urinary tract infection. While in the 5-day regimen group, 13 cases of pneumonia, 5 cases bacteremia, 1 case of skin infection and 3 cases of urinary tract infection. There were 2 cases with mild gastrointestinal response in the 10-day regimen group, and 7 cases with obvious nausea and anorexia in the 5-day regimen group. The symptoms were relieved after the treatment of acid suppression, stomach protection and antiemetic. The liver, kidney and heart function were monitored. One case liver function damage and 2 cases cardiac insufficiency were observed in the 10-day regimen group. Seven cases regimen cardiac insufficiency and 4 cases regimen liver function damage were observed in the 5-day regimen group.@*CONCLUSION@#10-day regimen and 5-day regimen are equally effective, but 10-day regimen is less myelosuppressive and more safer, which can be applied in clinical.

ADAMTS4 is upregulated in colorectal cancer and could be a useful prognostic indicator of colorectal cancer

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE ADAMTS4 is a member of the ADAMTS4 family, which secretes proteinases. The mechanism of tumor metastasis may be correlated to its promotion of angiogenesis. It was determined whether ADAMTS4 participates in colorectal cancer progression. Methods The expression in clinical samples and CRC cell lines was investigated. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and RT-PCR, the expression of ADAMTS4 was determined in colorectal tumors of different cancer stages and anatomic sites, and in three cell lines of different aggressiveness. Results The overexpression of ADAMTS4 was observed in tissue samples by IHC, and this was mainly located in the cytoplasm, as detected by FISH. The qRT-PCR and western blot analyses further supported the clinical sample findings. Conclusion The present data support the notion that the overexpression of ADAMTS4 in CRC might be useful as a non-invasive biomarker for detecting CRC in patients.

RESUMO OBJETIVO ADAMTS4 é um membro da família ADAMTS4, que secreta proteinases. O mecanismo da metástase do tumor pode ser correlacionado a sua promoção da angiogênese. Determinou-se se ADAMTS4 participa na progressão do câncer colorretal. Métodos A expressão em amostras clínicas e linhas de células CRC foi investigada. Usando a imuno-histoquímica (IHC), a hibridação fluorescente in situ (HFIS) e o RT-PCR, a expressão de ADAMTS4 foi determinada em tumores colorretais de diferentes estágios do câncer e locais anatômicos, e em três linhas de células de níveis de agressividade distintos. Resultados A superexpressão de ADAMTS4 foi observada em amostras de tecido por IHC, e esta foi localizada principalmente no citoplasma, como detectado pelo HFIS. O qRT-PCR e a análise de wester blot corroboraram os resultados clínicos da amostra. Conclusão Os dados atuais corroboram a noção de que a superexpressão de ADAMTS4 no CRC pode ser útil como um biomarcador não invasivo para a detecção de CRC em pacientes.

Effects of not monitoring gastric residual volume on the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To assess the effects of not monitoring gastric residual volume compared to the routine monitoring gastric residual volume on the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia.Methods:A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and WanFang Database was conducted from inception up to January 2019.Two independent reviewers screened potentially eligible articles, selected eligible studies and abstracted pertinent data. Relative risk ( RR), weighted mean difference ( MD), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2test. Results:Four studies with a total of 785 patients were included in this meta-analysis. No monitoring gastric residual volume did not significantly increase the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia ( RR=1.30, 95% CI 0.78-2.16, P=0.32), compared with monitoring gastric residual volume. However, the incidence of vomiting in the no monitoring gastric residual volume group is higher ( RR=1.52, 95% CI 1.20-1.91, P=0.000 4). Not monitoring gastric residual volume decreased the rate of feeding intolerance in critically ill patients ( RR=0.61, 95% CI 0.51-0.72, P<0.01).There were no differences in the duration of mechanical ventilation ( MD=0.39, 95% CI -0.70-1.47, P=0.49) and ICU length of stay ( MD=-0.19, 95% CI -1.55--1.16, P=0.78). Conclusion:The absence of monitoring gastric residual volume did not increase the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically patient with mechanical ventilation. Gastric residual volume monitoring can not be used as a maker to prevent aspiration and to assess feeding intolerance. We still need to conduct large-scale,well-desighed clinical trials to verify whether gastric residual volume monitoring can be eliminated.

Resveratrol inhibits hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through the HIF-1α/NOX4/ROS signaling pathway / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of resveratrol on hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and proliferation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the underlying mechanism. Primary rat PASMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro and pretreated with different concentrations of resveratrol (10, 20, and 40 µmol/L) or the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor VAS2870 (10 µmol/L) for 0.5 h. The cells were then cultured under normoxia (21% O

NewdiscoveriesofextrachromosomalDNA'seffectsinhyperexpressionofoncogenes and tumor heterogeneity / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#染色体外DNA（extrachromosomal DNA，ecDNA）是存在于肿瘤细胞中、可在有丝分裂中期被光镜观察到的游离于染色 体外的环形DNA。ecDNA不仅携带高拷贝的癌基因，而且转录活跃，是癌基因表达的主要来源；另外其还是形成肿瘤异质性的 关键。本文将就上述ecDNA对肿瘤的作用机制进行概述，并提出关于该领域的研究展望。

Expression and clinical significance of MAGE-C1 in breast cancer tissues / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the expression of MAGE-C1 (melanoma-associated antigen-C1) in breast cancer tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Methods: Breast cancer tissues, normal breast tissues and benign breast lesion tissues (60 samples for each) were collected from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University during January 2008 and December 2008.The mRNA and protein expressions of MAGE-C1 in three types of breast tissues were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of breast cancer patients were also analyzed. DNA methylase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) were used to treat breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, and RT-PCR was used to determine the changes in mRNA expression of MAGE-C1 after drug treatment. Results: The positive expression rate of MAGE-C1 mRNA and protein in breast cancer tissues were 43.3% (26/60) and 38.3% (23/60), respectively; and the mRNA and protein expressions of MAGE-C1 were all negative in normal breast tissues and benign breast lesion tissues. MAGE-C1 expression was positively associated with high tumor grade (χ2 =6.233, P<0.05). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with negative MAGE-C1 expression was significantly longer than those patients with positive MAGE-C1 expression (χ 2 =4.213, P<0.05). MAGE-C1 expression (HR=3.980, P<0.05) and clinical stage (HR=3.637, P<0.05) could be used as independent prognostic factors for breast cancer patients. 5-Aza-CdR and/or TSA treatment had no significant influence on MAGE-C1 gene expression (P>0.05). Conclusion: MAGE-C1 is a tumor-specific antigen and its expression is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients.

The determination of diflucortolone in rabbit plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) / 药学学报

A sensitive and efficient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of diflucortolone in rabbit plasma after dermal administration of diflucortolone valerate cream to rabbits. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the chromatographic separation was performed on Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (50 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a gradient mobile phase consisting of 50% acetonitrile-50% methanol and 0.1% formic acid-5% methanol-5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate at a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1. The quantitative analysis was carried out using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) at specific ion transitions of m/z [M+H]+ 395.2→m/z 355.2 for diflucortolone and m/z [M+H]+ 258.1→m/z 120.9 for ethoxyphenylethylamine (internal standard) in positive ion mode with electrospray ionization (ESI) source. This validated LC-MS/MS method had a linearity over the concentration range of 0.01-10 ng·mL-1 with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at 0.01 ng·mL-1. At level of LLOQ, the inter and intra-assay precision (RSD) were no greater than 9.82% and 11.0%, respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the diflucortolone including tmax, Cmax, AUC0-72 h, and t1/2 were as follows: (6.33±1.21) h, (0.168±0.080 0) ng·mL-1, (3.15±0.834) h·ng·mL-1, (32.0±17.4) h. The method was validated in the pharmacokinetic study of diflucortolone in rabbit following dermal administration of diflucortolone valerate cream at dose of 0.01 g·cm-2. In this study, the program of animal testing had been approved by Committee on the management and usage of experimental animal in the Evaluation Company of Innovative Drug, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research.

Screening and Verification of RNA-seq-based PBCRS for Treating Key Genes of Breast Cancer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of the medicine group of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis (PBCRS) on breast cancer induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in rats, and screen out and verify key genes based on RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Method: Totally 96 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into blank group, DMBA model control group, tamoxifen (TAM) group (1.9 mg·kg-1·d-1), high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose PBCRS groups (12.96, 6.48, 3.24 g·kg-1·d-1). One week after drug intervention, except for the blank group, the DMBA was used to induce the rat model of breast cancer (with an interval of a week, irrigation for two times at the dose of 100 mg·kg-1). After 10 weeks, the changes in tumor weight and tumor volume were observed. The total RNA was extracted by total RNA extraction kit, and three RNA samples were collected from the DMBA model control group and the middle-dose PBCRS group for genetic testing. Based on RNA-seq, key differential genes were screened out and verified by Real-time PCR. Result: Comparing with the DMBA model control group, the tumor volume and tumor weight in middle-dose PBCRS group were decreased significantly (PPConclusion: PBCRS may inhibit the occurrence of breast cancer by interfering with the expression of FBP1 in breast cancer tissue.

Rapid Immunoassay of Aflatoxin B1 and Its Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by toxigenic Aspergillus spp. (such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus) with carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects. Studies have shown that AFB1 is widely found in crops,food,feed and traditional Chinese medicine,which poses a serious safety hazards to humans healthy. The establishment of a rapid detection technique that is suitable for AFB1 in different matrices has a great significance in preventing contamination,controlling food and medicines safety and ensuring human health. With the continuous improvement of small-molecule immune technology,various rapid immunoassays of AFB1 have been developed and utilized in recent years. This review systematically summarized current relevant standards for the detection of AFB1 in China and the maximum recommended levels for the application of aflatoxins in Chinese herbal medicines in some regions and countries. These standards are mainly applicable for aflatoxins in food,feed and some easily contaminated samples of Chinese herbal medicines. Some studies have shown that except the Chinese herbal medicines specified with the maximum recommended levels,some medicinal herbs and their products were also contaminated by aflatoxins. In addition,this paper reviewed the preparation technology of antigen and antibody for AFB1,and the rapid detection methods based on the specific recognition ability between antigen and antibody, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunochromatographic assay,fluorescence immunoassay,chemiluminescence immunoassay,and novel immunosensor method, were also summarized and compared. This review aims to provide the reference for rapid,accurate,and sensitive technical standards for the detection of AFB1 in traditional Chinese medicine during the agricultural planting,distribution, trade and quality supervision and for the market, pharmacies and hospitals,so as to ensure the quality and safety of the traditional Chinese medicines.

Neglect and associated factors among preschool children in two-child families in southwest Shandong Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate neglect among preschool children in two-child families in southwest Shandong Province, and to provide reference is for improving nursing parenting quality of two-child families.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 646 parents of two-child families and 2 074 parents of one-child families from 16 kindergartens in southwest Shandong Province.@*Results@#The total neglect rate of two-child family preschool children in southwest Shandong Province was 27.37%, and the degree score of neglect was(40.15±5.51). The physical neglect rate(10.39%), emotional neglect rate(40.15±5.51), total neglect (38.15±4.88) and emotional neglect (46.12±6.91) of boys were higher than those of girls, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2/t=4.57, 6.65, 4.58, 4.72, P<0.05); No significant frequencies were found in total neglect rate, total neglect, neglect rate and neglect at all levels among all age groups(P>0.05); Among preschool children with siblings aged 7-<13, ≥13, total neglect rate(30.44%, 32.77%), emotional neglect rate(10.20%,12.00%), total neglect degree (44.71±5.98, 45.33±5.20) and emotional neglect degree (45.95±7.12, 48.86±4.97) of preschool children in two-child families have higher than those in onechild families, and the differences were of statistical significance(χ2/t=31.10, 4.55, 27.92, 24.13, 19.83, P<0.05); the total neglect rate(27.37%), emotional neglect rate(23.47%), emotional neglect (43.68±6.83) of twochild families and the total neglect (40.15±5.51) were higher than those of one-child families, and the differences were of statistical significance(χ2/t=4.98, 4.96, 3.76, 8.53, P<0.05). The age of siblings(OR=0.58), the education level of mothers(OR=0.64), and the main executor of family education (OR=1.54) were main factors to influence the child neglect of preschool children in two-child families(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Neglect of preschool children in two-child families is higher than that in one-child families in southwest Shandong, especially among those preschool boys and preschool children whose siblings were of school age.

Analysis of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma treated by microwave ablation assisted by three-dimensional visualization / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficiency and feasibility for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellularcarcinoma treated by percutaneous microwave ablation assisted by three-dimensional visualization.METHODS: Theclinical data of 84 consecutive patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma treated by percutaneous microwaveablation in Department of Interventional Ultrasonography,Chinese PLA General Hospital from December 1, 2017 to June1, 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into three-dimensional reconstruction group(30 patients,49 tumors)and normal group(54 patients,111 tumors)according to whether evaluated by three-dimensionalvisualization. Treatment related indicators and the prognosis were compared. Preoperative total liver volume,tumorvolume,planning ablation volume,postoperative total liver volume and ablation volume were computed via three-dimensional visualization system in three-dimensional reconstruction group. Furthermore,the preoperative planningablation volume and actual postoperative ablation volume were compared between the two group.RESULTS: All patientsaccomplished the procedure of percutaneous microwave ablation. The maximal diameter of tumor was(4.3±1.0)cm,andthe follow-up period was 10(2-19) months. The three-dimensional reconstruction group and normal group had nosignificant differences in major complications rate(6.7% vs. 9.3%), overall survival rate(100% vs. 94.4%), intrahepaticdistant recurrence rate(8.2% vs. 12.6%) and local tumor progression rate(6.1% vs. 10.8%)(P>0.05). There was nostatistically significant difference between preoperative planning ablation volume and postoperative ablation volume inthe two groups(P=0.616). The ratio of residual liver volume/standard liver volume was(98.0±25.6)%. Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate amino transferase,total bilirubin and cholinesterase had no statistically significant difference before and after ablation between two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The role of ultrasound-guidedpercutaneous microwave ablation assisted by three-dimensional visualization for the accurate treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma is of great importance.